1) 先后次序关系：

at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously同时地; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...由于，因为；since then；first of all；afterwards后来; following this; preceding先前的 ;originally最初的；ultimately最终的，极限的，根本的

 

2) 因果关系：

because；because of this；being that（口语）既然，因为；another important factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to由于，通常负面； due to由于； for the reason that...； in view of鉴于，考虑到 result from归因于the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently所以，因此；as a result； thus这样，如此，因而； hence因此； so；so that...； in consequence结果，结果； as a consequence； accordingly因此，于是，相应地; inevitably不可避免地; under these conditions thereupon因此，于是，upon迫近

 

3) 转折关系：

but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of不顾 ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of不顾; yet...；and yet； but unless. Nonetheless尽管如此 4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...

 

4) (补充)递进关系：

furthermore此外，而且；moreover而且，此外；further进一步地，此外；In this way ；still； not only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具体地说, next, besides； as far as... is concerned至于; moreover此外；in other words； along this line of consideration；on (the) one hand...在一方面，on the other hand...； even； as a saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile同时； at the same time； accordingly因此； In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.

 

5) 比较关系：

similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...； likewise同样地，也； similarly important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).

 

6) 对照(不同点)：

yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding虽然，尽管; rather当然，的确，宁愿，相当; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely相反的； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to this与不同 ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this； nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此; contrary to； whereas但是，鉴于； while；but on the other hand

 

7) 举例关系：

for example； for instance例如； in this case既然假若这样; namely也就是 instance例子实例换句话说； as you know； you may as／say； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is一个恰当的例子是...; consider...； in particular尤其特别；including...；for one thing...首先，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly粗糙地，概略地； as an illustration， I will say...； a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...； It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.

 

8) 强调关系：

in fact; especially；particularly特别，尤其；moreover(此外)；naturally; what is more important；in reality事实上； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably(无可置疑); other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely明确地，肯定地; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...

 

9) 条件关系：

if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.

 

10) 归纳总结类：

in a word / in sum / in short in brief / in conclusion / in summary therefore因此，所以 / hence因此，今后 to sum up / to conclude the conclusion can be drawn that for this reason / on the whole

 

11) 地点关系：

beyond; opposite to; adjacent邻近 to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.

 

12) 目的关系：

with this object无证; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account由于。。。缘故; in case万一; with a view to考虑到; for the same reason.

 

13) 重申关系：

in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.

 

14) 结果关系：

accordingly; thus; consequently(因此); hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.

 

15) 顺序关系：

first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward后来; after this; subsequently后来; lastly最终; finally; consequently所以，因此; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously同时地; concurrently(同时发生的)

 

16) 时间关系：

at once; immediately; at length终于，最后; in the mean time同时; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden突然; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally偶然地; in a moment; shortly立刻; whereupon于是，因此; previously Henceforth今后